Programming Fundamentals Syllabus

Programming Fundamentals Outline

This outline provides a clear structure of essential programming concepts — from logic design to Python implementation.

I. Algorithms, Flowcharts, Pseudocode & Dry Run

• Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.
• Flowchart: Visual representation of logic using symbols.
• Pseudocode: English-like structure for planning logic.
• Dry Run: Manually tracing code to verify correctness.

II. Introduction to Python

• Overview of Python: History, creator, and main features.
• Why Python? Easy to learn, readable, and portable.
• Compiler vs Interpreter: Explains how code executes.
• Python Syntax Basics: Indentation and structure rules.
• Comments: Writing helpful notes within code.
• Variables: Dynamic typing and naming rules.
• Data Types & Type Casting: Converting between int, float, str, etc.
• Multiple Assignment & Unpacking: Assigning values efficiently.
• Printing Output: Displaying and formatting information.

III. Conditions in Python

• Concept of Conditions: Decision-making in programs.
• Comparison Operators: Compare values in expressions.
• If Statement: Runs code when condition is true.
• If-Else Statement: Handles both true and false outcomes.
• Elif Statement: Checks multiple conditions in order.
• Arithmetic Operators: Perform mathematical operations.
• Assignment Operators: Update or modify variable values.
• Logical Operators: Combine multiple conditions.
• Best Practices: Keep logic readable and organized.

IV. Loops in Python

• Concept of Loops: Automating repetition of tasks.
• For Loop: Iterates over sequences like lists and ranges.
• While Loop: Runs until a condition becomes false.
• Break Statement: Exits a loop before completion.
• Continue Statement: Skips to the next iteration.
• Else in Loops: Executes when loop ends normally.
• Infinite Loops: Loops that never end unless stopped.
• Loop Summary: Comparison between for and while.
• Key Takeaways: Loops provide control and efficiency.

V. Python Strings

• Concept of Strings: Text enclosed in quotes.
• Accessing Characters: Use indexes and slicing.
• String Operations: Join, repeat, and test membership.
• String Functions: Use built-in tools for manipulation.
• String Immutability: Strings cannot be modified directly.
• Common String Methods: Changing case, splitting, counting, etc.
• Best Practices: Maintain clarity and consistency in text handling.

End of Outline – Programming Fundamentals builds the logical foundation for advanced programming.