Conditions in Python
Programming Fundamentals
October 15, 2025
Conditions in Python
What are Conditions?
- Conditions help make decisions in code.
- They compare values and return True or False.
Common Comparison Operators
| Operator | Meaning | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal to | a == b | True if a equals b |
| != | Not equal to | a != b | True if a not equals b |
| < | Less than | a < b | True if a smaller than b |
| <= | Less than or equal to | a <= b | True if a ≤ b |
| > | Greater than | a > b | True if a greater than b |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | a >= b | True if a ≥ b |
If Statements in Python
1. Simple If Statement
if condition:
# code blockExecutes only if condition is True. If False, nothing happens.
Example:
firstval = 630
secondval = 440
if firstval > secondval:
print(f"{firstval} is greater than {secondval}")2. If-Else Statement
Used when you want one of two possible outcomes.
if condition:
# code if True
else:
# code if FalseExample:
firstval = 1300
secondval = 440
if firstval > secondval:
print(f"{firstval} is greater than {secondval}")
else:
print(f"{firstval} is less than {secondval}")3. Elif Statement
Used for multiple conditions (like “else if” in other languages).
if condition1:
# code
elif condition2:
# code
else:
# codeExample:
firstval = 440
secondval = 440
if firstval > secondval:
print("firstval is greater")
elif firstval < secondval:
print("firstval is smaller")
elif firstval == secondval:
print("Both are equal")Note: else is optional with elif.
Arithmetic Operators
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y |
| - | Subtraction | x - y |
| * | Multiplication | x * y |
| / | Division | x / y |
| % | Modulus (remainder) | x % y |
| ** | Exponent (power) | x ** y |
| // | Floor division | x // y |
Assignment Operators
| Operator | Example | Equivalent To |
|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | Assigns value |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 |
| //= | x //= 3 | x = x // 3 |
| **= | x **= 3 | x = x ** 3 |
Logical Operators
| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | True if both are True | x < 5 and x < 10 | True |
| or | True if any one is True | x < 5 or x < 4 | True |
| not | Reverses result | not(x < 5) | False |
Quick Tips
- Indentation is mandatory in Python.
- Always test multiple conditions with
elif. - Use logical operators to combine multiple conditions.
ifstatements are used inside loops for decision-making.